Geotechnical engineers utilize a critical role in detecting subsurface voids, which present significant challenges to the stability and functionality of structures. These hidden cavities can stem from various reasons, such as geological formations, erosion, or human activities. Employing

Subsurface voids pose significant challenges to geotechnical stability. Accurately mapping these voids is fundamental for ensuring the soundness of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole analysis, can be expensive and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geop

Geotechnical exploration methods are essential for characterizing cavities and voids within the subsurface. These voids can significantly influence the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and slope. A variety of ground-based exploration methods are employed to detect cavities and voids. The

Geophysical exploration plays a crucial role in the identification and evaluation of potential mineral resources. By employing various physical methods, geologists can penetrate beneath the Earth's surface to localize subsurface structures and signatures indicative of mineral richness. Th